Treatment of anxiety disorders usually involves medication and therapy. The nurse must first assess the person’s anxiety level because this determines what interventions are likely to be effective. Nurses encounter anxious clients and families in a variety of situations. Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings Controlling and Managing Anxiety and Fear Anxiety disorders occur more frequently in females than in males with an approximate 2:1 ratio (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Severe anxiety disorders may be complicated by suicide, with or without secondary mood disorders. Anxiety symptoms are the physiological consequence of another medical condition (Chand & Marwaha, 2022).Īnxiety disorders are diagnosed when anxiety no longer functions as a signal of danger or motivation for needed change but becomes chronic and permeates major portions of the person’s life, resulting in maladaptive behaviors and emotional disability.Īnxiety disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of biopsychosocial factors, including genetic vulnerability, which interacts with situations, stress, or trauma to produce clinically significant syndromes (Bhatt & Bienenfeld, 2019).Īnxiety disorders have high rates of comorbidity with major depression and alcohol and drug abuse. Anxiety disorder due to other medical conditions.This disorder involves anxiety symptoms due to substance intoxication or withdrawal or medical treatment. Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder.The key feature of this disorder is persistent and excessive worry about various domains, including work and school performance, that the individual finds hard to control (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Individuals with this disorder are fearful and anxious in two or more of the following circumstances: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside of the home alone (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Panic attacks are abrupt surges of intense fear or extreme discomfort that reach a peak within minutes, accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Individuals with this disorder experience recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and experience persistent concern and worry about having another panic attack. This disorder is characterized by marked or intense fear or anxiety of social situations in which one could be the subject of scrutiny. The fear, anxiety, and avoidance are almost always immediate and tend to be persistently out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Individuals with specific phobias are fearful or anxious about specific objects or situations which they avoid or endure with intense fear or anxiety. This disorder is characterized by a consistent failure to speak in social situations where there is an expectation to speak even though the individual speaks in other circumstances, can speak, and comprehends spoken language (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). Although the symptoms develop in childhood, they can be expressed throughout adulthood as well (Chand & Marwaha, 2022). An individual with separation anxiety disorder displays anxiety and fear atypical for his/her age and development level of separation from attachment figures. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), anxiety disorders include disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances. In contrast, fear is the feeling of apprehension over a specific threat or danger to a person.Īnxiety disorders, according to the American Psychiatric Association, are the most common type of psychiatric disorder. Anxiety is a vague feeling of dread or apprehension (uneasiness) it is the activation of the autonomic nervous system in response to external or internal stimuli that can have behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms.
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